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Pietro Tacchi Venturi
Pietro Tacchi Venturi ((:ˈpjɛtro ˈtakki venˈturi); 1861—March 18, 1956〔''New York Times''. 1956, March 19. "Obituary 3--No Title". p. 31.〕) was a Jesuit priest and historian who served as the unofficial liaison between Benito Mussolini, the Fascist leader of Italy from 1925 to 1943, and popes Pius XI and Pius XII. He was also one of the architects of the 1929 Lateran Treaty, which ended the "Roman Question" (a dispute over the status of the papacy since the Italian unification), and recognized the sovereignty of Vatican City, which made it an actor of international relations.〔〔TIME. 1928, May 12. "(ITALY: Jesuit Stabbed )".〕 An attempt to assassinate Venturi with a paper knife one year before the treaty's completion made headlines around the world.〔〔 Venturi had begun the process of reconciliation by convincing Mussolini to donate the valuable library of the Palazzo Chigi to the Vatican.
According to Susan Zuccotti, Venturi "had an uncanny ability to gain access where more official papal diplomats could not" and thus was utilized for some of the most important papal priorities.〔Zuccotti, 2000, p. 124.〕 Venturi had no official rank in the church to match his extraordinary influence, and was known in Vatican circles as the "man in black".〔
== Early life (1861-1922)==
Venturi was born in San Severino Marche.〔(Tacchi Venturi, Pietro ), Enciclopedie on line, Treccani.it.〕 He became a member of the Society of Jesus, a religious order within the Catholic Church, in 1878.〔〔 He established a reputation as a scholar of history and literature.〔Salvatore Cortesi. 1928, February 11. "Italy to Indemnify Church, Rome Hears". ''New York Times''. p. 4.〕 Venturi was admitted into the Pontifical Academy of Archaeology and other scientific bodies.〔 Venturi was the official historian of the Italian branch of the Jesuit order and the Secretary of the Society of Jesus from 1914 to 1921.〔
His ''magnum opus'' was a history of the Jesuits.〔 Another important work by Venturi was the publication of previously unpublished writings of Matteo Ricci, one of the founders of the Jesuit China missions. The ''Opere storiche del P. Matteo Ricci, S.J'' (Historical Works of Father Matteo Ricci, S.J.) appeared in two volumes in 1911 and 1913, and included Ricci's letters as well as his ''Commentarj della Cina'' (Commentary on China), the Italian manuscript that had been previously published only in the expanded and edited Latin version of Nicolas Trigault (as ''De Christiana expeditione apud Sinas''). However, Venturi's lack of knowledge of Chinese made it necessary for Fr. Pasquale d'Elia to produce another, better annotated edition of Ricci's manuscripts (known as ''Fonti Ricciane'') some 30 years later, in the 1940s.〔"Dicionário Português-Chinês : 葡汉辞典 (Pu-Han cidian): Portuguese-Chinese dictionary", by Michele Ruggieri, Matteo Ricci; edited by John W. Witek. Published 2001, Biblioteca Nacional. ISBN 972-565-298-3. (Partial preview ) available on Google Books. P. 179.〕
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